Bachelor with Honours Dissertations - open access

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https://hdl.handle.net/10292/14987

The "Bachelor with Honours Dissertations - open access" collection contains digital copies of AUT University B(Hons) dissertations approved for open access. B(Hons) dissertations are required to be open access from April 2022. Past students may contact the Tuwhera team (tuwhera.opentheses@aut.ac.nz) if they wish to make their B(Hons) open access.

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Deaf and Television News: Finding a Better Path to Knowledge
(Auckland University of Technology, 2011) Mulrennan, Danielle; Sissons, Helen
Practitioners’ Knowledge and Understanding of Acquired Brain Injury in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence in New Zealand
(Auckland University of Technology, 2021) Durrant, Magdalena; Theadom, Alice; O’Donovan, Claire
Videoconferencing Technology for Clinical Purposes: Opinions and Experiences of New Zealand Clinical Psychologists and Neuropsychologists
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Olson, Amanda; Mahon, Susan; Webb, James
Objective: Telehealth is a distanced method for delivery of traditionally in-person clinical psychological and neuropsychological services. Much of the current research has focused on feasibility of the method and there is a lack of data on clinicians' perspectives of telehealth. This research will explore current experiences and opinions of clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists on telehealth practising in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Method: An anonymous sample of registered and practicing neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists were recruited to complete an online survey between August and October 2021. Closed-ended questions were analysed using SPSS and open-ended questions were analysed using a descriptive inductive Thematic Analysis method and Nvivo software. The survey queried non-identifiable demographic and practice details, prior knowledge of telehealth, clinical experience and explored telehealth in the context of three common practise aspects including: history taking interviews, assessments, and therapy/interventions. Results: A total of 88 participants responded to the survey and results showed that 90% had used videoconference for clinical purposes. The mean clinical experience of the sample was 14.5 years, age ranged between 20 and 79 years and 78% were female. Assessments were the least common service used via telehealth (n = 19), more so history taking interviews (n = 62) and most for therapy and intervention (n = 71). Respondents spoke positively of Telehealth for use in specific circumstances. Thematic analysis identified four themes which illustrated professional opinions on the use of telehealth for clinical purposes: Accessibility of clinical services, client and clinician specific considerations, practical considerations, and shifts in the therapeutic relationship. Conclusions: Results of this study generated deeper insight into the current real-world practice of TH in NZ, by exploring the use and acceptability of TH from the perspective of clinically practicing psychologists in the context of rapid uptake during COVID-19. The study reinforced the importance of monitoring relative outcomes and effectiveness of TH for different areas of psychological practise, as requirements differed across different services and treatments.
Quality of Life and Experiences of Psychological Distress and Burnout Among Aotearoa New Zealand Psychologists
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Blayney, Marty; Kercher, Amy
Comparing the Perceived Orgasm Satisfaction and Responses to Orgasmic Difficulty of Heterosexual, Bisexual and Homosexual Women in New Zealand
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Gavelle, Java Cristina Taina; Czako, Rita
Introduction: This research will aim to compare the orgasmic satisfaction, orgasm difficulty and perceived partner response to orgasm difficulty women in New Zealand with different sexual orientations. The study uses a non-probability based convenience sampling in the form of an online self-report survey to gather information. Methods: The sample consisted of 667 women aged from 18 to 76 years old who identified as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. A Kruskal-Wallis was conducted to compare all three sexual orientation groups and orgasm satisfaction, orgasm difficulty and partner response to orgasm difficulty. More specific Mann-Whitney U tests followed these to see exactly where the differences lie between the groups. Results: There were no significant differences in orgasm satisfaction between the different sexual orientations. Significant differences in partner response to difficulty and orgasmic difficulties were observed across the different sexual orientation groups. Bisexual women reported the highest level of personal distress to orgasm difficulty, and both heterosexual and bisexual women reported higher levels of perceived partner distress to orgasm difficulty compared to homosexual women. Conclusion: This study contains several limitations; however, this study provides novel research into women of different sexual orientations and orgasm satisfaction, orgasm difficulty and perceived partner distress to orgasm difficulty.
The Effectiveness of Acupressure Therapy on Anxiety: A Scoping Review
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Wang, Stephanie Yifan; Morse, Zac; Kohut, Susan
Background: Mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are considered the most common psychiatric disorders in the western world. Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among the adult population; however, they remain underdiagnosed and under-treated because of their heterogeneity and the presence of various somatic symptoms. Pharmacological and psychological therapies are generally the first line of treatment for anxiety disorders. However, because of anxiety disorders’ high recurrence and chronicity, the side effects and high costs associated with conventional treatment modalities can also lead to under-treatment. Acupressure is a non-invasive alternative to acupuncture and has demonstrated effectiveness in managing psychosomatic disorders. However, due to high clinical disparities in the method of clinical application of acupressure treatment within existing research, it is difficult to recommend the best practice for anxiety management. Objective: The purpose of this dissertation is to explore and summarise the types of acupressure interventions, the most frequently used acupoints, methods of application, treatment time, and the effectiveness of such interventions in managing anxiety through a systematic scoping review. Methods: The scoping review protocol was reported following the preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual for evidence synthesis guidelines, which was published in July 2022 and acted as the fundamental guide for the scoping review process. A total of six electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, AMED, PsycINFO, and Scopus), Google, and Google scholar were searched to identify eligible sources. Results: A total of 76 studies were included in this review, with the publication range from 1987 to 2022. Three categories of acupressure intervention were noted within the included studies: acupressure on traditional acupoints, acupressure on auricular acupoints, and a combination of traditional and auricular acupoints. The most frequently used acupoints, application methods, the most common issues where anxiety was treated with acupressure and the effectiveness of acupressure on anxiety management are identified. Conclusions: Acupressure is an effective, non-invasive, low-cost alternative for reducing anxiety in various settings despite the discrepancies in the intervention protocol. Acupressure therapy in managing anxiety is highly recommended for routine nursing care in patients with complex medical conditions, emergency and pre-operative settings, students, and healthcare workers at risk of burnout. Further studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses are required to provide a more in-depth understanding and recommendations on whether acupressure intervention using the most used acupoints identified from this review can effectively reduce other types of anxiety disorders, such as social or specific phobias.
The Role of Spirituality in Pasifika/Pacific Mental Health: A Scoping Review
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Kaipo, Allana; Krageloh, Chris; Nanai, Juliet
The Experience of Caregivers Supporting Adults with Intellectual Disabilities During Hospitalisation: A Qualitative Study
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Fuller, Emma; Donkin, Liesje; Verhoeven, Marleen
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of caregivers supporting adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) during hospitalisation within Aotearoa. Whilst there has been research that has examined the hospitalisation experiences of caregivers supporting adults with ID internationally, there has been little research undertaken in Aotearoa within this context. Identifying caregivers’ experiences of whether caregivers have been adequately supported during hospital stays supporting their adult with ID, and establishing what worked well and what did not work well, is a crucial element to understanding whether the caregivers were overwhelmed or had insufficient support at any point of the hospital stay with their adult with ID in Aotearoa. This study utilises a qualitative methodology as it enabled lived experiences to be shared, which will help to determine what services within the Aotearoa hospital system are necessary to better support this population in the future. Caregivers of six adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Transcripts from these interviews and thematic analysis have been used to identify key themes. The findings discovered the increasing reliance placed on caregivers of adults with ID whilst in hospital. These were highlighted through the interdependence within the themes developed in this research; advocacy, environment, lack of support, lack of awareness, interpersonal care, informed consent, communication, health experience and sense of abandonment. This study broadens the body of knowledge through understanding the challenges caregivers face. Caregivers involved in this study were predominately family caregivers, therefore non-qualified, supporting findings that they are involved in processes beyond their personal competencies. The findings highlight that caregivers experienced insufficient support whilst supporting their adult with ID when in hospital in Aotearoa. This study can be used to show awareness of the challenges that caregivers face in Aotearoa, with further research looking into how these challenges can be addressed. Future research needs to consider the use of artificial intelligence and technology advances that provide assistance with advocating, communication, and supporting ID adults, thus relieving their caregivers of some of these burdens. This is expected to provide positive outcomes.
Overconsumption Consumer Behaviour Paradoxes: A Systematic Literature Review
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Powell, Sarah Irene; Kapitan, Sommer
This research explores the factors related to consumer behaviour paradoxes of overconsumption, through a systematic literature review format. The main focus of this review was the notion of paradox, or tensions between opposing forces which create discrepancies in consumer behaviour where either option can be chosen, depending on the influencing factors present. Following the systematic literature review method (Paul et al., 2021), 33 articles were identified as appropriate to review. From the article sample collected, it was identified that there are 8 factors which interact with each other as both enabling and disabling factors to overconsumption from a paradoxical lens. The disabling factors to overconsumption are social factors, cultural and religious factors, economic factors, and consumer intentions. These were in balance with the enabling factors to overconsumption which include: the dominant social paradigm, materialism factors, marketing/business intentions, and external environmental factors. These values in tension were explored based on the insights gleaned from the article sample. Further to this, future research recommendations were made based on the identified gaps between the articles and were summarised in the future research recommendations section of this article. Limitations include the theoretical nature of this review, in how qualitative/qualitative/mixed method studies could help bolster the review by testing some of the factors in real-life situations. Further, the use of books or other varying types of literature could have been used, yet due to an inaccurate ability to gauge the quality of the other types of publishing were excluded. Further, more researchers from Eastern parts of the world could offer their unique cultural perspectives on this topic and conduct more studies to increase diversity and insights into paradoxes and overconsumption.
Prepared to Crash? A Preliminary Study on Traffic Accidents Caused by Risky Driver Behaviors Captured on Livestream Social Media
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Lalli, Jaspreet Kaur; Phillips, James
Road traffic incidents result in 1.3 million deaths a year (World Health Organization, 2022). Typically, an understanding of factors contributing to accidents is derived from external evidential factors such as witnesses, skid marks, and closed closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage. However, new technologies are now capturing driving behaviours inside a vehicle as they occur. The present study attempts to shed light on traffic accidents, utilising livestream video footage to conduct Ecological Momentary Assessments of these real-time driver behaviours. In an Archival study, data was collected from the online domain (i.e., electronic news sources, web-based video networking sites, social networking sites), carefully screening potential videos for inclusion and then coded into relevant categories. Fisher’s Exact Tests were then used to explore relationships between different variables (i.e., phone manipulation, driver injury, driving maneuverers and behaviours). Although statistical power was low, trends were observed indicating potential relationships between phone use and poor driving manoeuvres, namely interference from talking was impairing lane overtaking or lane turning. Specific cases were then examined, revealing that these traffic incidents involved intoxication, speeding for personal thrills, driver distraction, and mobile phone use. This study offers insight into the capabilities of the proposed roadside cameras that are currently being implemented to capture driver distraction.
Nurse Burnout Group Versus Individual Mindfulness Interventions: A Systematic Review
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Cascante Diaz, Gabriella; O'Donovan, Claire
Background: Nurses are prone to burnout due to the physically and emotionally taxing characteristics of the job and the high workloads required. This has been particularly apparent in the context of COVID-19. In New Zealand, almost 50% of nurses have reported experiencing work-related burnout, although this is a worldwide phenomenon. Mindfulness-based interventions have been proven to mitigate burnout and foster resilience in healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to determine whether mindfulness interventions for burnt out nurses are better implemented in a group or individual format. Methods: A systematic review was chosen to investigate this question and the PRISMA systematic review guidelines were followed. The databases used to search for articles on this topic were CINAHL, Medline, EMCare, PsycINFO, Scopus and Science Direct databases. The searches occurred in September 2022 and included studies from 2012 to 2022. Studies were included if they treated burnout symptoms in nurses with mindfulness-based interventions. Studies had to be quasi-experimental, randomised control trials, non-randomised control trials and pilot studies that included pre- and post-burnout measurements. The study quality was assessed using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Two were randomised control trials, one was a non-randomised control study, three were a quasi-experimental study, and one was a mixed method study some of which were pilot studies. The seven studies used the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the ProQOL scale. They used a mix of mindfulness-based interventions such as, mindfulness-based yoga, abbreviated mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention, and Mindful Living with Stress intervention and the Community Resilience Model mindfulness-based intervention. Five interventions used a group format and two an individual one. Both formats showed statistically significant improvements in burnout. Discussion: Findings showed that group and individual-format mindfulness interventions were both effective in improving burnout in nurses. Only one study specified the reasoning of using a group format, the other studies did not. It did not appear to be an important consideration although it is possible that aspects of both could have affected the outcome of the interventions. In the group format, coordination of groups appeared to be a barrier to engagement, but peer support may have been a beneficial aspect. In the individual format, participants reported liking the flexibility and brevity of practice. In conclusion, all studies showed an improvement in burnout scores, although not all were statistically significant. Overall, there was not enough evidence and the evidence included was varying in quality. Thus, it was impossible to conclude which format better supported an improvement in burnout for nurses. Therefore, further research is needed to further our understanding of the treatment of burnout for nurses.
An Exploration of Food Quality Across Dietary Patterns: Towards an Understanding of Ketogenic, Low-Carbohydrate, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diet Quality
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Kayla-Anne, Lenferna De La Motte; Zinn, Caryn; Schofield, Grant
Background: Understanding and measuring diet quality is a topic that has received increasing attention in recent years with the NOVA system being a catalyst for this change in 2009. Recent advances in this area suggest that, at a population level, diets are shifting toward a reliance on hyper-palatable ultra-processed foods (UPFs) across the globe. While the development of UPFs was once strictly about creating convenient, mass-producible foods; with the increasing interest in alternative dietary patterns (ADPs) there is now a milieu of specialty UPFs marketed towards individuals consuming lower-carbohydrate and plant-based diets. Common lower-carbohydrate diets include the ketogenic diet (KD) and low-carbohydrate, healthy fat (LCHF) diet, while the vegan (VEGAN) and vegetarian (VEGE) are common plant-based diets. Despite the growing interest and number of UPFs available for these once-niche groups, little is known about the translation of dietary guidelines into practice and how the availability of UPFs impacts overall diet quality (DQ) in these individuals. This research aimed to explore the DQ of adults adhering to ADPs for at least 6-months using a modified questionnaire and two novel food classification systems. Methods: In this pilot study, a modified online dietary habits questionnaire was developed and disseminated; results were interpreted using the NOVA (not an acronym) and HISS (Human Interference Scoring System) food classification tools. Participants were recruited via social media platforms between Friday 26th August and Sunday 18th September 2022 and responded to the questionnaire, anonymously, via Qualtrics. Data were quantitatively analysed using descriptive and parametric statistics (oneway repeated measures ANOVA, two-way repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression) in the software programme, JASP (version 0.16.3.0). Results: There was a total of 168 responses comprising 56 KD (m=16, f=39), 66 LCHF (m=13, f=53), 14 VEGAN (m=4, f=10), and 32 VEGE (m=5, f=27). Respondents were predominantly of European descent, female, and classified as moderate-income professionals. Analysis of DQ revealed that individuals adhering to a lower-carbohydrate diet (either KD or LCHF) tended to consume a smaller proportion (% of total serves) of their diet from UPFs and a larger proportion from unprocessed and minimally processed foods (KD 53 ±12; LCHF 51 ±13). There was a statistically significant difference in NOVA% among the four ADPs F(6.150, 336.184) = 8.285, p < 0.001, with a medium effect size (η²= 0.063). Food groups contributing to intake in NOVA 1 (minimally processed food category) and NOVA 4 (ultra-processed food category) were similar among lower-carbohydrate individuals and plant-based individuals respectively. There was an inverse relationship between perceived and actual DQ, and NOVA and HISS were only similar across the fourth level of processing (UPFs). These data show that diet quality assessment tools can be applied to a range of dietary patterns. Conclusion: These data indicate that in free-living individuals, DQ (as assessed by the proportion of dietary intake as a number of serves, across different levels of food processing) is higher among those adhering to lower-carbohydrate diets compared to those adhering to plant-based diets. However, these individuals are not exempt from the consumption of UPFs or the belief that their diet quality is superior to what it is. Future research should explore the difference in DQ in larger samples, validate existing tools for the quantification of DQ and assess whether there are safe thresholds for the consumption of UPFs in the context of different dietary patterns.
Exploring the Impact That Service Users Have on the Psychological Wellbeing of Mental Health Support Workers
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Miller, Jonathan; Shepherd, Daniel
Despite contributing 33% of the adult mental health workforce, support workers have a dearth of academic research supporting them. Working in the field of mental health you are more likely to experience burnout, compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and vicarious trauma. The effects of this leads to poor job satisfaction, higher turnover of staff and a negative impact on wellbeing of workers. The aim of this research is to contribute towards the small body of literature that focuses on the support worker role. Specifically exploring the impact that service users have on the psychological wellbeing of mental health support workers. A qualitative descriptive methodology was adopted to research this topic. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings suggested that service users influenced the wellbeing of support workers, but the level of impact was affected by a variety of factors. One factor was the idea of the participants needing to know their limits in both the professional role but also their emotional capacity. They also described the importance of needing a wellbeing plan as though it was an essential job requirement. An additional factor was maintaining healthy boundaries which the participants described as only being learnt from experience, not from professional training. They also shared the psychological struggles of the role and that despite their best efforts work still manages to come home with them. Participants brought up varying situations about how it affected their life that echoes symptoms of the psychological issues discussed earlier. However, despite this the participants never spoke negatively about the service users, acknowledging that service users were unwell when the support workers received abuse from them. This hopeful lens highlights the importance and hope that support workers can bring to the adult mental health sector and further research should be conducted to support them.
An Exploration of Women’s Motivations for and Experiences of Egg Freezing for Social Reasons: A Systematic Review
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Hathaway, Jo; Goedeke, Sonja; Van Kessel, Kirsten
Impaired Olfactory Function: Loss of Smell and Insight Into Neurodegenerative Disorders
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Prasad, Jigisha Anushka; Pederson, Mangor
Test-retest Reliability of the Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST)
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Tokhi, Yelda; Theadom, Alice; Shaikh, Nusratnaaz
The Brain Injury Screening Tool was developed to provide clinicians with a brief tool to assess mild traumatic brain injuries and guide clinical care pathway decisions in both primary and secondary care. However, there is a need to ensure that the BIST is stable, and that any changes in responses over time are due to recovery, and not due to changes in how people respond to questions in the BIST (test-retest reliability). The aim of this study was to test the responses of a sample of healthy people on two separate occasions to determine the stability of responses, whilst controlling for the potential influence of mood. A sample of sixty-eight (68) adults aged between 18 and 58 years completed the 15-item BIST symptom scale on two different occasions (baseline and two weeks later) in addition to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). At the initial assessment, data was also collected regarding the participants’ age, gender, income, ethnicity, and health comorbidities in order to assess whether such sociodemographic factors influence symptom reporting or not. The results of the study indicated that both the BIST symptom score and the BIST subscale scores exhibited moderate to good test re-test reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) ranging between 0.51 and 0.83. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests found no significant differences in symptom reporting on the BIST total scale or the BIST subscales between the two time points at the p<0.05 level. The evidence of moderate to good test-retest reliability in a healthy sample demonstrated here increases confidence that any changes in symptom reporting in mild traumatic brain injury patients using the BIST tool are more likely to reflect real symptom change, rather than measurement error. This study supports the use of the BIST as a symptom scale to monitor recovery in patients in both primary and secondary care, however, further research needs to be conducted to explore symptom reporting and reliability of the BIST in those under the age of 16 years.
Whose Lie is it Anyway? Eyewitness Memory Misinformation Effect and Public Perceptions of Police
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Hopkins, Jemma Lee; Wood, Jay; Landhuis, Erik
Despite memory being considered unreliable and open to suggestive influence, eyewitness memory is still actively used as evidence in the justice system. Misleading information and the source of that information has been found to influence people’s memory of an event. Similarly, the perceived credibility of a source can impact how a person receives a message from this source. As police are often the first responders on the scene taking eyewitness statements, misleading information relayed by police to eyewitness’ may be readily accepted by those who trust the police and perceive them to be a credible source. We hypothesised that participants with high trust in police would be more likely to accept the misleading information and decrease their memory accuracy of the event. The memory of participants with lower trust in police would not, or less so, be affected by the misleading information. Seven hundred and fifty-six participants completed an online survey that involved watching a video of a theft at a petrol station. Following this, participants were presented with one of six articles from either a police or eyewitness point of view describing the theft. These articles had differing levels of misinformation (no misinformation, weak misinformation, or strong misinformation). To test participants memory accuracy, they were then asked questions about the video. We found that misleading information affected memory accuracy. However, we found no evidence to suggest that trust in police influences participants acceptance of misleading information from a source. As we did not find what we expected, we recommend further research to expand on the idea that trust in police may affect the susceptibility of accepting misinformation which could decrease memory accuracy.
Exploring the Types, Functions and Impacts of Formal and Informal Supports Used by Ambulance Personnel at St John
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Pilbrow, Olivia; Shepherd, Daniel
Background: Ambulance personnel experience significant stress in their day-to-day work as they respond to medical emergencies that are often traumatic and challenging. Cumulative events and ongoing stressors have been linked to increased mental health issues among emergency responders, especially ambulance personnel. Social support has been identified as a coping strategy that positively affects the prevention and treatment of mental health conditions. However, there is limited research within the New Zealand emergency medical response area regarding what formal and informal social support ambulance personnel use to cope. Aim: This study aims to document the use of formal and informal social support of ambulance personnel at St John in New Zealand. There are ten different types of formal support within the St John organisation. Informal support includes nine types of support that ambulance personnel may access external to St John. This study also aims to examine the characteristics of ambulance personnel related to the social supports they utilise, and their perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the available functions of support. These functions look at, but are not limited to, ease of job, emotional and financial support, inclusion, and guidance. Method: Ambulance personnel were recruited through emails from the St John employee weekly bulletin. The participants answered an online questionnaire gathering personal demographic information, level of perceived stress, and individual perception of formal and informal supports available and utilised. A total of 89 participants were included in the study. Results: The perceived stress scale (PSS) was found to have high reliability for the study. The average PSS score showed high levels of stress. Informal support of spouse/partner, family, and friends showed more emotional support. Spouse/partner and family provided more financial support; overall, spouse/partner showed more social support. Colleagues showed more support than most other formal supports, followed by peer support in certain support functions. Conclusion: New Zealand ambulance personnel experience high perceived stress as part of their work. They utilise mostly informal social supports from spouses/partners, and family, while colleagues are often the go-to support in the workplace. Implications of this study were discussed, along with recommendations for future research.
A Scoping Review of the Potential Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Chronic Pain in Adulthood
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Hamilton-Bos, Kelly; du Preez, Elizabeth; van Kessel, Kirsten
In previous years, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as having a potential relationship with poor health outcomes. Chronic pain is one health outcome that has a high prevalence worldwide and the numbers are continuing to grow. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to review what the current research posited about the potential relationship between ACEs and chronic pain in adulthood. Using a combination of PRISMA-ScR and Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) scoping review frameworks, five databases were searched. Overall, 66 articles were included and further analysed by using a thematic analysis. From this thematic analysis, three themes were identified: there is a potential relationship between ACEs and chronic pain in adulthood; the relationship between ACEs and chronic pain in complex; and there is more that needs to be done to understand the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult chronic pain. Depression, anxiety and resilience emerged as mediating factors in the relationship between ACEs and chronic pain but do require further clarification. This scoping review did not identify any relevant studies within a New Zealand/Aotearoa context and recommendations include validating the ACE questionnaire for the New Zealand/Aotearoa population and identifying whether the ACE domains are relevant, and culturally sensitive and appropriate. This scoping review contributes to the understanding of the relationship between ACEs and chronic pain in adulthood in order to develop treatment options which might in turn contribute to reduction in negative health outcomes and an increase in healthcare utilization
The Impact of Childhood Parentification and the Impact on Adult Intimate Relationships. A Scoping Review.
(Auckland University of Technology, 2022) Mathias, Indigo Rose; Thorpe, Mark
The dissertation analyses the topic area of the childhood impacts of parentification on adult intimate relationships. This is done through a scoping review methodology, the researcher utilised the Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005), where the researcher examined two main psychological databases; PsycINFO via OVID and MEDLINE via PubMed, the University journal database and the university library. The results show an initial 137 sources relating to parentification and relationships, this was reduced to 12 sources. The 12 sources included 7 quantitative studies, 4 qualitative studies and one book that included case analysis. The quantitative studies used surveys and questionnaires as interventions and the qualitative study and book used couples and family therapy as an intervention. The researcher clearly saw the incorporation of both the construct of parentification and its relation to adult intimate relationships. The researcher thematically analysed the 12 sources and produced four themes; • Relationships as a challenge – feelings of dissatisfaction • Re-enactment of childhood relationships • Development of insecure attachment style – taken into adulthood • Transgenerational repetition of parentification

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